Factors associated with allergic rhinitis and combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS) in adults undergoing immunotherapy in a tropical country: Is ISAAC-III questionnaire useful in adult populations?

BACKGROUND: Allergic diseases affect about 10-30% of the population in low- or middle-income tropical countries. Few studies describe the factors associated with allergic diseases in adult patients undergoing immunotherapy in Latin American countries. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the factors associated with allergic rhinitis (AR) and AR in comorbidity with asthma (CARAS) in adults treated with immunotherapy in two allergy referral centers in Bogotá (Colombia). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational, cross-sectional study conducted between January 2018 and January 2019. ISAAC-III and sociodemographic questionnaires were applied to determine the factors associated with AR and CARAS in adults treated with immunotherapy who attended the allergy consult at the Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá and Unimeq-Orl. RESULTS: Among 416 adults aged 18-68 years, 71.4% (n = 297) were women. Regarding the sensitization results obtained by skin prick test, the most frequent allergens were house dust mites (64.18%): 49.03% were positive for both Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae, while 28.61% were positive for Blomia tropicalis. Excluding house dust mites, the most frequent allergens were dog hair (31.01%), cat hair (15.1%), grasses (15.9%), and food (15.9%). The main factor associated with exclusive AR was regular acetaminophen use more than four times a year: Prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.77 (95% CI: 1.12-2.25). The main factor associated with CARAS was cesarean delivery PR: 1.44 (95% CI: 1.09-1.78). CONCLUSION: The main factor associated with AR was regular acetaminophen use, while that associated with CARAS was cesarean delivery. The ISAAC-III questionnaire can be a useful low-cost tool to assess the factors associated with allergic diseases in adults in tropical countries.

Factors associated with allergic rhinitis and combined allergic rhinitis and asthma syndrome (CARAS) in adults undergoing immunotherapy in a tropical country: Is ISAAC-III questionnaire useful in adult populations?

Background: Allergic diseases affect about 10–30% of the population in low- or middle-income tropical countries. Few studies describe the factors associated with allergic diseases in adult patients undergoing immunotherapy in Latin American countries. Objective: This study aimed to determine the factors associated with allergic rhinitis (AR) and AR in comorbidity with asthma (CARAS) in adults treated with immunotherapy in two allergy referral centers in Bogotá (Colombia). Material and Methods: Observational, cross-sectional study conducted between January 2018 and January 2019. ISAAC-III and sociodemographic questionnaires were applied to determine the factors associated with AR and CARAS in adults treated with immunotherapy who attended the allergy consult at the Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá and Unimeq-Orl. Results: Among 416 adults aged 18–68 years, 71.4% (n = 297) were women. Regarding the sensitization results obtained by skin prick test, the most frequent allergens were house dust mites (64.18%): 49.03% were positive for both Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae, while 28.61% were positive for Blomia tropicalis. Excluding house dust mites, the most frequent allergens were dog hair (31.01%), cat hair (15.1%), grasses (15.9%), and food (15.9%). The main factor associated with exclusive AR was regular acetaminophen use more than four times a year: Prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.77 (95% CI: 1.12–2.25). The main factor associated with CARAS was cesarean delivery PR: 1.44 (95% CI: 1.09–1.78). Conclusion: The main factor associated with AR was regular acetaminophen use, while that associated with CARAS was cesarean delivery. The ISAAC-III questionnaire can be a useful low-cost tool to assess the factors associated with allergic diseases in adults in tropical countries (AU)

Incidencia y características clínicas de pacientes trasplantados renales con infección y enfermedad por citomegalovirus en un centro de trasplante / Incidence and clinical characteristics of renal transplanted patients with infection and disease by cytomegalovirus in a transplant center

Resumen Introducción: la infección viral más importante postrasplante renal es la infección por citomegalovirus (CMV), hay discrepancia entre centros y países en datos de incidencia de infección-enfermedad en esta población de pacientes. Diseño: se realiza un estudio observacional analítico, tomando una cohorte retrospectiva de pacientes mayores de 18 años, trasplantados renales de donante vivo o cadavérico entre el 2004 y 2015 con al menos seis meses de seguimiento. Material y métodos: se realiza muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, se toman los datos de las historias clínicas de los pacientes trasplantados renales, calculando la densidad de incidencia de infección-enfermedad por CMV y se describen las características clínicas y demográficas de los pacientes que presentaron estas patologías. Resultados: se analizaron 252 pacientes, encontrando 92.4% receptores con riesgo intermedio para CMV y 7.5% con riesgo alto, ninguno fue de riesgo bajo. Se identificaron 19 casos, 13 con infección (5.1%) y seis con enfermedad (2.3%). El compromiso gastrointestinal fue el más frecuente. El tiempo promedio desde el momento del trasplante hasta la aparición de la infección-enfermedad fue de 417 (±479) y 650 días (±481), respectivamente. La tasa de infección fue de 10.08 casos por 1000 pacientes/año y la tasa de enfermedad de 5.88 por 1000 pacientes/año. Conclusiones: la densidad de incidencia de infección-enfermedad por CMV en pacientes trasplantados renales fue de 10.08 casos y 5.88 casos por 1000 pacientes/año, respectivamente. Estas tasas son menores a las reportados en la literatura. Dada la baja frecuencia de eventos, no fue posible establecer factores de asociación.

Abstract Introduction: the most important viral infection after renal transplantation is cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. There is a discrepancy between centers and countries in terms of incidence data of infection-disease in this population of patients. Design: an analytical observational study was conducted, taking a retrospective cohort of patients older than 18 years old, kidney transplant recipients of living or cadaveric donors between 2004 and 2015, with at least 6 months of follow-up. Material and methods: non-probability convenience sampling was done; data from the clinical records of the kidney transplant patients were taken, calculating the incidence density of CMV infection-disease and the clinical and demographic characteristics of the patients who presented these pathologies were described. Results: 252 patients were analyzed; 92.4% of recipients with intermediate risk for CMV and 7.5% with high risk were found. None of them had low risk. 19 cases were identified, 13 with infection (5.1%) and 6 with disease (2.3%). Gastrointestinal involvement was the most frequent. The average time from the time of transplant to the onset of the infection-disease was 417 (± 479) and 650 days (± 481), respectively. The infection rate was 10.08 cases per 1000 patients / year and the disease rate was 5.88 per 1000 patients/year. Conclusions: the incidence density of CMV infection-disease in renal transplant patients was 10.08 cases and 5.88 cases per 1000 patients / year, respectively. These rates are lower than those reported in the literature. Given the low frequency of events, it was not possible to establish association factors. (Acta Med Colomb 2018; 43: 20-23).

Personas con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y su capacidad de agencia de autocuidado, Cartagena / Patients with Type 2 Mellitus Diabetes and their Self-Care Agency Capacity, Cartagena / Pessoas com diabete mellitus tipo 2 e sua capacidade de agência de autocuidado, Cartagena

Contexto: La diabetes mellitus tipo 2 se constituye en un problema de salud pública por las repercusiones bio-psicosociales, la presencia de complicaciones neurovasculares y metabólicas en la persona que la padece. Enfermería cumple un papel importante a través de la educación y la capacitación. Objetivo: Identificar la capacidad de agencia de autocuidado de las personas con diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, inscritos en los programas de control de diabetes en 19 UPAS de Cartagena. Metodología: diseño descriptivo con abordaje cuantitativo, en una muestra de 225 adultos de ambos sexos, seleccionados en forma aleatoria. La capacidad de agencia de autocuidado se identificó con la escala de Valoración de las capacidades de autocuidado, desarrollada por Isenberg y Everest, traducida al español por Gallegos y adaptada por la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Para presentar los datos se utilizó la estadística descriptiva, los resultados se presentan en tablas y gráficas. Resultados: Predominó el sexo femenino (68,4 %); la unión libre (59,1 %); escolaridad (50,6 % con básica primaria); bajos ingresos económicos (menos de un salario mínimo mensual vigente, 34.7 %). Al valorar la capacidad de agencia de autocuidado, el 73.8 % de los pacientes obtuvo una calificación de muy buena (76-100 %, según escala). Al valorar los aspectos comprendidos en la escala se encontró que más del 50 % de las personas siempre sacan tiempo para ellos, piden explicación sobre su salud, examinan su cuerpo para ver si hay cambios y conservan un ambiente limpio. Conclusiones: El apoyo social recibido por los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y las prácticas de higiene personal y del entorno, el conocimiento y la adherencia a la dieta, permiten a los pacientes una buena capacidad de agencia de autocuidado.

Background: Type 2 mellitus diabetes is a public health issue for the bio-psychosocial repercussions and the neurovascular and metabolic complications in the patient. Nursing plays an important role through education and training. Objective: Identify the self-care agency capacity of people diagnosed with type 2 mellitus diabetes registered in the diabetes control program in 19 primary care units (UPAs) of Cartagena. Methodology: Descriptive quantitative design in a population of 225 random adults of both sexes. The self-care agency capacity was identified with the self-care capacity appreciation scale developed by Isenberg and Everest, translated into Spanish by Gallegos and adapted by the Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Descriptive statistics were used to present the data, and results are shown in tables and charts. Results: The following features were predominant: Females (88.9 %), non-marital partners (59.1 %), schooling (50.6 % completed elementary education), low income (less than a valid minimum monthly salary, 59.6 %). Assessing the self-care agency capacity resulted in 73.8 % of patients with a very good score (76-100 %, according to the scale). By assessing the aspects included in the scale, more than 50 % of people were found to always find time for them, ask about their health, examine their bodies to see if there are changes and remain in a clean environment. Conclusions: The social support received by patients with type 2 mellitus diabetes and personal and environment hygiene practices, knowledge and adherence to the diet allow patients to have a good self-care agency capacity.

Contexto: A diabete mellitus tipo 2 se configura como um problema de saúde pública por conta das repercussões biopsicossociais e da presença de complicações neurovasculares e metabólicas na pessoa que a sofre. A enfermagem cumpre um papel importante através da educação e a capacitação. Objetivo: Identificar a capacidade de agência de autocuidado das pessoas com diagnóstico de diabete mellitus tipo 2, inscrito nos programas de controle da diabete em 19 UPAS de Cartagena. Metodologia: desenho descritivo com abordagem quantitativa em uma amostra de 225 adultos de ambos os sexos, selecionados aleatoriamente. A capacidade de agência de autocuidado foi identificada usando a escala de Valoração das capacidades de autocuidado, desenvolvida por Isenberg e Everest, traduzida ao espanhol por Gallegos e adaptada pela Universidade Nacional da Colômbia. Para a apresentação dos dados, foi utilizada a estatística descritiva. Os resultados foram apresentados em tabelas e gráficas. Resultados: Predominou o sexo feminino (88,9 %); a união livre (59,1 %); a escolaridade (50,6 % com básica primária); baixa renda económica (menos de um salário mínimo mensal em vigor, 59,6 %). Ao valorar a capacidade de agência de autocuidado, 73,8 % dos pacientes obteve uma qualificação de muito boa (76-100 %, conforme a escala). Ao valorar os aspetos contidos na escala verificou-se que mais de 50% das pessoas sempre procuram tempo para eles, pedem explicações sobre sua saúde, examinam seu corpo para ver qualquer mudança e conservam um ambiente limpo. Conclusões: O apoio social recebido pelos pacientes com diabete mellitus tipo 2 e as práticas de higiene pessoal e do entorno, o conhecimento e o cumprimento do regime fazem com que os pacientes tenham uma boa capacidade de agência de autocuidado.